The U.S. Supreme Court in Shute v. Carnival Cruise Lines, 499 U.S. 585 (1991) held the Shutes, who were injured on a Carnival Cruise ship in waters off Mexico, must file suit in Florida pursuant to the forum selection provision printed on the back of their ticket.   The Shutes filed suit in their home state of Washington.  The cruise ship departed from California.  Shute is still one of the most far reaching holdings enforcing adhesion-like forum selection provisions.  The Shutes also had a strong argument that they lacked notice of the forum selection/choice of law provisions.  

In the recent running aground of the Italian Costa Concordia operated by Costa Crocier, which is controlled by Carnival, the ship departed near Rome.  Approximately 120 United States citizens were on board and two may still be missing.  With respect to notice of the forum selection and choice of law provisions, information is much easier to obtain now than it was when Shute was decided.  For example, Carnival now posts its ticket contract online.  Carnival’s contract includes a mandatory arbitration provision as well as a forum selection clause, limits on liability, and restricted statute of limitations periods.   Costa Crocier also posts their ticket contract online.  The Costa contract includes forum selection, arbitration and choice of law provisions at Section 2.    

For claims involving personal injury or death, the Costa contract includes a forum selection clause for Broward County, Florida for cruises that depart from, visit or return to a U.S. port.  In contrast, U.S. port related economic loss claims are subject to an arbitration provision.  Under the Costa contract, any cruise that does not depart from, visit or return to a U.S. port, all claims must be filed in Genoa, Italy, and Italian law applies.  The Costa contract also includes a jury waiver provision.  

When a district court applies a forum selection provision, it usually does so via 28 U.S.C. § 1404, whereas a state court would dismiss the case.  Italy is not a district to which a federal case can be transferred, so dismissal is likely remedy if court enforces forum selection provisions for U.S. citizen cases filed in their home state, or even in Florida.  See e.g., Albemarle Corp. v. Astrazeneca U.K, Ltd., 628 F.3d 643, 651 (4th Cir. 2010) (applying English law / federal common law to enforce forum selection clause via dismissal).  Albemarle also suggests that Costa Concordia related claims filed in the U.S. would still be analyzed under the four factor “unreasonableness” test set forth in M/S Bremen v. Zapata Off–Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1 (1972) (holding forum selection clause may be found unreasonable if “(1) [its] formation was induced by fraud or over-reaching; (2) the complaining party ‘will for all practical purposes be deprived of his day in court’ because of the grave inconvenience or un-fairness of the selected forum; (3) the fundamental unfairness of the chosen law may deprive the plaintiff of a remedy; or (4) [its] enforcement would contravene a strong public policy of the forum state.”).     

Here, proponents of avoiding Costa Crocier’s forum selection clause and choice of Italian law may argue factors two, three and four.  An analysis of Italian law related to factor three is beyond the scope of this blog post!
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You’ll leave with more than a hangover…

Posted on October 28, 2011 05:03 by Jobby Mathew

For all of you attending Annual Meeting this week – you might want to take a fire extinguisher to the cocktail mixer. Lawyerist.com has an interesting story regarding a lawsuit against the manufacturers of Bacardi 151. It seems that Bacardi’s popularity as a novelty in certain cocktails is contributing to its potential liability. Should the manufacturer be held liable for the tricks of a bartender? Have you had a close call or witnessed a trick like this at a bar? Let us know. In the interim, wear a fire retardant jacket if you are standing to close to the bar.

 

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The recent spate of stage collapses resulting in injuries, death and property destruction highlights an important area of consideration for hospitality providers.  What are the providers duties in terms of guest safety and monitoring external conditions that may alter the usual conditions.  Of course, no hospitality provider wants their guests injured, but how far does their potential liability extend?  Natural disasters and acts of terrorism are frequent exclusions for coverage as well, further complicating this analysis.

To get the most up-to-date information on cutting-edge hospitality topics, look into the Strictly Hospitality Seminar, September 22-23, 2011 in Scottsdale, Arizona.  Download the brochure.

 

 

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Sometimes in the hospitality industry, you can’t win for trying.  Hilton Hotels is learning this lesson the hard way.  Last week, a former guest commenced a class action suit in federal district court in California against the Hilton hotel group based on the fact that he was charged $.75 for a newspaper he received, but did not request.  The suit alleges that the newspaper charge was fraudulent because it was disclosed in small print on the key-card sleeve, which he admittedly received upon check-in, and because the paper charge was not itemized on his bill at check out.  The plaintiff, Rodney Harmon, asserts claims of Unfair Business Practices, Violation of the Consumer Legal Remedies Act,  and Unjust Enrichment. 

Of course the only winners in the suit, which seeks an injunction, monetary damages and legal fees, are the plaintiff’s attorneys who will seek huge class action counsel fees for a case that involves only nominal damages and questionable liability for the putative class.

It seems quite plausible that Hilton, in an attempt to accommodate guests who did not want a paper, came up with the system of providing a $.75 credit for those guests who affirmatively asked not to receive one.  The deed has not gone unpunished as now Hilton must defend claims that it was intentionally deceiving customers by not itemizing the paper charge bill.   It is these unique issues faced by the Hospitality industry that will be covered in depth at the upcoming Hospitality Seminar, Sept 22-23 in Scottsdale. Download the brochure describing the full breadth of topics covered and sign up today!

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